I think it could be a little different for Mutants. Like Magneto and Quicksilver. Father and son, but different abilities.
And I think Wolverine has adamantium on his claws, but there’s bone there too. So it could just be slightly different for Xavier.
Wolverine originally had bone claws, and though the adamantium was bonded to wolverine, that doesn’t necessarily mean that it became a genetic trait. Especially since the adamantium has been removed from wolverine’s skeleton before. The bone claws passed down to Xander, not the metal added by another party, similarly to how even X-23’s claws are actually bone that was then covered in adamantium as well.