I guess it kind of depends on what sort of art style you’re going for. I’m using a semi-realistic cartoonish one because the characters you draw all seem to be in that category or stem from some anime.
With the head, while I also start with the circle, the eyes are probably the focus point for me. It’s usually the same distance up to the top of the hair to the chin both directions. Sometimes, the eyes rest a little tighter, but it’s a good reference point for the midlines of the face. In the front view, you will be able to see someone’s ears, though barely.
And in the circle method, the circle shouldn’t be in the final face model, it’s just a starter guideline. Since it’s a front view you usually do, drawing a ‘T’ across the face for the lone down in and where the eyes rest will work. The bottom of the nose is closer to the mouth and the distance is slightly smaller than the base of the mouth to the chin.
The neck is a lot thicker than most cartoons will draw it. If you look at a side view, the neck will be drawn back to the ears. That’s probably the only part that can be exaggerated if any.
The other thing is how you draw the head wider than the shoulders. That part could be a little more style-oriented, but in a realistic setting, the shoulders are far broader. It’s also not a straight drop to the arms, it’s more of a curve (which I didn’t draw that well), and arms resting at the side are never straight down.
Looking back, I realise I flipped the location of the badge
I love how you’re still into the anime. That was fun for me years ago, but then I left for the darker, toxic fandom world of countryhumans. Good luck going down that rabbit hole.
Not an actual skeleton, something of a base. The red line is what I drew under my drawing of not-America before I went over with the black line to finalise it. My process is usually base sketch, refining sketch (optional), official lineart, flat colour, shading, background, other special effects.
How do you mean by redrawing the facial proportions? The red line is exactly what I do, I’m sure what I should be doing differently for a redraw. If the notes aren’t legable:
The bottom of the eyes are the halfway mark on the base, equidistant from the chin all the to the top of the hair.
Hair sits on tip of the head, so it should be above the skull
Your facial features are on the lower half of the head, not the upper half