Scholarships are different from admissions, so I think there are actually different answers to the race question for admissions/race and scholarships/race.
I think it’s fine to have scholarships based on ethnicity and other arbitrary factors. Truly, the best would be to have college be affordable for EVERYONE, but since it’s mostly not, scholarships are available but require work to find. Therefore, if you’re black and find a scholarship for you, that’s awesome. There are many for people of all ethnicities, interests, etc, but they take work to find. Is it fair that it may be harder for a white student to find a scholarship? Not really. But it’s a small, small thing in comparison to the debt of slavery that was never repaid to freed slaves after Lincoln was shot and that’s not fair either. Surely, two wrongs don’t make a right, but generational wealth was inaccessible to most black families because of this loss of reparations and statistically the median white family has over 5 times the net worth than a black family (https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2018/02/21/447051/systematic-inequality/).
As for admissions, in this case, I am opposed to black students with lower scores getting in over white students. I think it hurts everyone, since if the black student doesn’t succeed, they are fuel to the fire.
However, college admissions is not based on test scores alone. It is much more wholistic. For example, Becky with the bad grades who sued University of Texas because she felt she did not get in because she was not a minority, did not have the grades to get into the automatic admission level. That could mean that someone with her grades (or just about) got in because the university considers racial diversity in admissions, however, they could have written a better essay, been a better artist or athlete, or something else the school also considers, in addition to race. We cannot know that race was the deciding factor. In fact, the “I would have gotten in but I’m white” was just the narrative the lawyers fed to the media to try to roll back affirmative action altogether. (https://www.propublica.org/article/a-colorblind-constitution-what-abigail-fishers-affirmative-action-case-is-r)
This might be the next court case to the US Supreme Court on affirmative action (after Abigail Fisher vs University of Texas) because in fact, it can hurt your application to be Asian American. Not because you’re assumed to be smarter, but many Asians with high scores are rejected to top schools because it’s believed that there is a limit so that the entire school isn’t Asian… I’m reading up on the NYTimes coverage of the court cases so far to see what might happen. (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/01/us/harvard-admissions-lawsuit.html)
I’d like to see data on this because many studies have shown that a resume with a white male name get many more interviews than that of the same with female and minority-sounding names. (https://www.nber.org/digest/sep03/w9873.html)
I feel like many might feel like minorities get jobs because of their race more often because it’s immediately obvious when someone is a minority. However, we don’t know how many jobs they’ve been rejected from because of their race since that’s hidden.
Again, I’d just have to see the data.